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1.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 56(1): 43-47, Jan-Feb/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-702061

ABSTRACT

The quest for new antiparasitic alternatives has led researchers to base their studies on insights into biology, host-parasite interactions and pathogenesis. In this context, proteases and their inhibitors are focused, respectively, as druggable targets and new therapy alternatives. Herein, we proposed to evaluate the in vitro effect of the cysteine protease inhibitor E-64 on Giardia trophozoites growth, adherence and viability. Trophozoites (105) were exposed to E-64 at different final concentrations, for 24, 48 and 72 h at 37 °C. In the growth and adherence assays, the number of trophozoites was estimated microscopically in a haemocytometer, whereas cell viability was evaluated by a dye-reduction assay using MTT. The E-64 inhibitor showed effect on growth, adherence and viability of trophozoites, however, its better performance was detected in the 100 µM-treated cultures. Although metronidazole was more effective, the E-64 was shown to be able to inhibit growth, adherence and viability rates by ≥ 50%. These results reveal that E-64 can interfere in some crucial processes to the parasite survival and they open perspectives for future investigations in order to confirm the real antigiardial potential of the protease inhibitors.


As cisteína-proteases estão entre os alvos mais promissores para o desenvolvimento de novos agentes terapêuticos, visto que participam de eventos fundamentais do ciclo de vida de muitos microorganismos, inclusive Giardia. Como a atividade das proteases pode ser controlada por inibidores específicos, essas substâncias têm sido avaliadas quanto ao potencial antiparasitário. Diante disso, o presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito in vitro do inibidor de cisteína-proteases E-64 sobre o crescimento, a aderência e a viabilidade de trofozoítos de cepa de Giardia isolada em Botucatu. Nos ensaios de crescimento e aderência, o número de trofozoítos foi estimado microscopicamente em hemocitômetro, enquanto que a viabilidade celular foi avaliada pelo método do MTT. No presente estudo, embora o metronidazol tenha se apresentado bastante efetivo, o E-64 mostrou ser capaz de inibir o crescimento, a aderência e a viabilidade em taxas superiores a 50%, especialmente nos cultivos expostos à concentração de 100 µM. A despeito de preliminares, esses resultados demonstram que o inibidor E-64 pode interferir em processos primordiais para a sobrevivência do parasita, além do que, abrem novas perspectivas para investigações futuras a fim de se avaliar o real potencial giardicida dos inibidores de proteases.


Subject(s)
Animals , Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology , Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Giardia/drug effects , Leucine/analogs & derivatives , Trophozoites/drug effects , Cell Adhesion/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Leucine/pharmacology , Time Factors , Trophozoites/growth & development
2.
Salvador; s.n; 2014. 98 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1000952

ABSTRACT

A giardíase é uma doença causada pelo protozoário flagelado Giardia lamblia, e sua sintomatologia é caracterizada pela eliminação de fezes esteatorréicas, dores abdominais e náuseas. Segundo o CDC estima-se que há cerca 1,2 milhões de casos por ano de giardíase, acometendo principalmente crianças em idade escolar. Atualmente, o tratamento da giardíase é realizado principalmente pelo uso do fármaco da família dos 5-nitromidazóis, metronidazol (Flagyl®), secnidazol e tinidazol em particular. Estes são confrontados em casos de resistência clínica causada pelo frequente uso inadequado do medicamento e/ou abandono do tratamento. Além disso, o metronidazol pode apresentar efeito carcinogênico em longo prazo em humanos. Desta forma, novos estudos com análogos e/ou inibidores de poliaminas podem levar à elucidação dos mecanismos de ação envolvidos, favorecendo o estabelecimento de novos regimes terapêuticos mais seguros e eficazes. Em nosso trabalho, foram testadas as substâncias ciclohexilamina (CHA) e o metronidazol que são produtos sintéticos, com o objetivo de avaliar os seus efeitos na proliferação celular, caracterização dos moduladores do metabolismo de poliaminas, avaliação nas mudanças no potencial redox e elucidação de seus possíveis mecanismos de ação nos trofozoítos de Giardia lamblia. Foi realizada uma avaliação da proliferação celular na presença de CHA para trofozoítos de Giardia lamblia, onde observamos que a substância demonstrou ter ação siginficativa apresentando um efeito dosedependente. Observamos que os trofozoítos de G. lamblia apresentam uma inibição significativa do crescimento em presença de concentrações milimolares do CHA, cujo IC50 em 72 horas foi de 1,646 mM...


Giardiasis is a disease caused by the flagellate protozoan Giardia lamblia, and its symptomatology is characterized by steatorrhea, abdominal pain and nausea. According to the CDC, an estimate number of 1.2 million cases of giardiasis happen every year, affecting especially schoolchildren.Nowadays, giardiasis treatment is based on drugs from the 5-nitroimidazole family, particularly metronidazole (Flagyl), secnidazole and tinidazole. Those drugs are indiscriminately used by the population, and it's not uncommon to find them causing clinical resistance due to inappropriate utilization and/or tratment abandon. Besides that, metronidazole can present longterm carcinogenic effect in humans. Thus, new studies with analogs and/or polyamines inhibitors can lead to the clarification of the drugs action mechanis, favouring the establishment of new, safer and more efficient therapeutic regimens.Our work tested cyclohexylamine (CHA) and metronidazole, wich are synthetic products, in order to evaluate their effects on cell proliferation and on changes in redox potential, characterize polyamines metabolism modulator and describe their possible action mechanisms on Giardia lamblia trophozoites. We evaluated Giardia lamblia trophozoites cell proliferation in the presence of CHA; it was observe that the substance shows significant action, presenting dose-dependent effect. We also observed that G. lamblia trophozoites presented significant growth inhibition when exposed to millimolar concentrations of CHA - its IC50 in 72 hours was 1,646mM...


Subject(s)
Humans , Giardia/immunology , Giardia/parasitology , Trophozoites/growth & development , Trophozoites/physiology , Trophozoites/immunology , Trophozoites/parasitology , Trophozoites/pathology
3.
Indian J Pathol Microbiol ; 2006 Oct; 49(4): 519-23
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-75037

ABSTRACT

To assess the prevalence of gastric giardiasis in gastric biopsies of patients with carcinoma stomach and in patients taking treatment for duodenal ulcer. Gastric biopsy specimens from 54 patients of carcinoma stomach and 100 antral biopsies from patients taking treatment for duodenal ulcer were included in the study. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, methylene blue and May Grunwald-Giemsa stains and examined for presence of Giardia lamblia trophozoites. Eight out of 54 (14.9%) biopsies of gastric carcinoma patients harboured trophozoites of Giardia lamblia. Associated H. pylori infection was present in all biopsies (8/8; 100%). Atrophy and intestinal metaplasia was present in 62.5% (5/8) and 25% (2/8) cases respectively. Sections from seven out of 35 patients (20%) taking treatment for duodenal ulcer showed presence of G. lamblia. H. pylori infection, gastritis and atrophy were found in 85.7% (6/7), 71.4% (5/7) and 28.6% (2/7) cases respectively. First gastric biopsy in these patients was negative for G. lamblia but 2nd and 3rd biopsies were positive. A careful search for G. lamblia trophozoites should be made while examining the gastric biopsies, especially in patients with carcinoma stomach, intestinal metaplasia, atrophic gastritis and those taking treatment for duodenal ulcer. This may help in indirect diagnosis of clinically unsuspected cases of intestinal giardiasis and may explain persistence of vague upper gastrointestinal tract (UGIT) symptoms despite clearance of H. pylori in patients on anti-ulcer therapy.


Subject(s)
Animals , Anti-Ulcer Agents/therapeutic use , Biopsy , Carcinoma/parasitology , Duodenal Ulcer/drug therapy , Gastric Mucosa/parasitology , Gastritis, Atrophic/parasitology , Giardia lamblia/growth & development , Giardiasis/epidemiology , Helicobacter Infections/epidemiology , Helicobacter pylori/isolation & purification , Humans , Intestines/pathology , Precancerous Conditions/parasitology , Prevalence , Stomach Neoplasms/parasitology , Trophozoites/growth & development
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